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Extraordinary State Commission for ascertaining and investigating crimes perpetrated by the German-Fascist invaders
The Extraordinary State Commission – fully: ''"Extraordinary State Commission for ascertaining and investigating crimes perpetrated by the German–Fascist invaders and their accomplices, and the damage inflicted by them on citizens, collective farms, social organisations, State enterprises and institutions of the U.S.S.R."''〔Decree issued by the Supreme Soviet of the U.S.S.R. on November 2, 1942. Published in ''Soviet War News'', November 5, 1942. No. 405〕 ((ロシア語:Чрезвычайная Государственная Комиссия), ChGK) was a commission formed by the Soviet authorities, officially aiming at "investigating and punishing for the Crimes of the German–Fascist Aggressors" and their allies. The commission was established on 2 November 1942, by a decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet. The commission had the responsibility to investigate the and collect materials which would confirm crimes and losses caused by the invaders. According to its own data, 32,000 organization staff took part in the work of ChGK and around 7,000,000 Soviet citizens had participated in the collection of materials and evidence.
The 27 reports of the ChGK were the majority of Soviet evidentiary material in the Nuremberg process and the Japanese war criminals' process. The reports appeared in English in the daily publication ''Soviet War News'' issued by the Press Department of the Soviet Embassy in London. The first report, ''Protocol on the plunder by the German–Fascist invaders of Rostov Museum at Pyatigorsk'', was published on June 28, 1943〔''Soviet War News'', June 28, 1943. No. 597〕 and the last report, ''Statement on "Material Damage caused by the German-Fascist invaders to state enterprises and institutions, collective farms, public bodies and citizens of the U.S.S.R"'' was published on September 18, 1945.〔''Soviet War News'', September 18, 1945. No. 1257.〕 A complete collection of the 27 communiqués issued by the commission appears in the Soviet Government publication, ''Soviet Government Statement on Nazi Atrocities.''〔''Soviet Government Statements on Nazi Atrocities'', Hutchinson & Co. (Publishers), Ltd, 1946, pp 77-317〕
==Communiqués==
Some of the reports prepared by the Commission are now considered erroneous or outright fabrications.〔〔 Particularly, the first report of the commission among notable others — published on 24 August 1944 — with the title "Finland demasked". This report purported that Finland had put the whole Soviet population of the occupied territories into concentration camps in East Karelia during the Continuation War of 1941 to 1944, where 40% had died according to Commission.〔
Another falsification (confirmed the Russian State Duma) concerned the 24 January 1944 communiqué about the Katyn massacre, published under the title "The Truth about Katyn". This lengthy document purported that the mass shootings of the Polish prisoners had been done by the Germans. In fact, the crime was committed by the Soviets on Joseph Stalin's orders. The truth was first revealed by the international Katyn Commission but confirmed by Soviet documents only after they had been declassified and made public by the Government of the Soviet Union in 1990 during the last days of the USSR.〔Fischer, Benjamin B., "(The Katyn Controversy: Stalin's Killing Field )". "Studies in Intelligence", Winter 1999–2000. Retrieved on 10 December 2005.〕 They proved conclusively that 21,857 Polish internees and prisoners of war were executed by the Soviet Union after 3 April 1940 including 14,552 prisoners from three largest Soviet POW camps at this time.〔 Of the total number of victims, 4,421 officers were shot one by one at the Kozelsk Optina Monastery, 3,820 at the Starobelsk POW camp, and 6,311 at the Ostashkov facility, in addition to 7,305 Poles secretly eliminated in Byelorussian and Ukrainian SSRs political prisons. The head of the NKVD department, Maj. General P. K. Soprunenko, organized "selections" of Polish officers to be massacred at Katyn and elsewhere.
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